Some forms of meningitis are contagious, but fungal meningitis — the
type responsible for the recent outbreak — is not.
So far, 105 people have been affected by the fungal meningitis outbreak,
which is linked to contaminated steroid injections. Meningitis is a swelling or
inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (which are
called the meninges). A number of things can cause meningitis, including
bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
When meningitis
is caused by a virus or bacteria — as is most common — it can spread from person to
person. Bacterial meningitis can spread through kissing, and viral meningitis
can spread when people come in contact with the feces of an infected person,
which can happen when changing a diaper, or when a person does not properly
wash their hands after using the toilet, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
Other causes of meningitis are not contagious. For example, meningitis
can be caused by head injuries, brain surgery and some cancers, the CDC says. Meningitis
that is caused by fungi is not contagious. The people sickened in the recent
fungal meningitis outbreak are thought to have become infected when they were
injected with a steroid drug that was contaminated with fungus. Injections were
delivered into their spines — allowing the fungus to enter their spinal fluid
and spread to their brain.
The types of fungi involved in the outbreak, such as Aspergillus,
are common in the environment, and usually don't cause problems in healthy
people. The number of cases in the fungal meningitis outbreak is still going up
because some people who received the contaminated injections before they were
recalled by the manufacturer could still develop symptoms — they can take up to
four weeks to appear. In other cases, people may have fallen sick sometime in
the past several months after receiving an injection, but doctors are now
better able to identify the cause of their illnesses.
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